Samuel Delaney has stated that when the term ‘speculative fiction’
appeared in the Sixties, it was applied loosely to experimental
fiction, often with imagery derived from science fiction and fantasy.
Perhaps we’d label that ‘literary science fiction’ these days.
But speculative fiction, as a name, varied some in its implications
over the years (and pretty much disappeared for a while) before
finding its current definition as the broad swath of genres
stretching from science fiction to fantasy.
I do see it as such a
spectrum. What all the genre and sub-genre within speculative fiction
share is a self-standing alternate world, with its own internal rules
and logic. That differentiates it from realistic fiction, which
follows the rules of our own world, and the surrealistic, which bends
those rules of the real world — with little regard for logic — to
jar the reader’s perceptions.
‘Magic realism’
is, of course, a form of surrealism (by these definitions) rather
than speculative fiction.
Rarely do I refer to
any of my work as speculative fiction, though I legitimately could.
It can sound pretentious, can’t it? My science fiction is readily
identified as such. The fantasy — despite most having rather strict
science fiction-like underlying rules — would be regarded as
fantasy by most. Those terms are good enough for me.
By the way, horror is
sometimes included as a sort of speculative fiction but I don’t
consider it a genre at all. I would call it a theme, that can be
applied to almost any genre. Monsters are everywhere!